农杆菌介导的朝鲜碱茅PuP5CS基因转化紫花苜蓿的研究

为提高紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的抗逆性,利用在朝鲜碱茅(Puccinellia chinampoensis)已克隆的Pu P5CS基因成功构建了p CAMBIA3300-Pu P5CS表达载体,以子叶为外植体,通过农杆菌介导共培养法转化紫花苜蓿"公农5号"(M.sativa cv.Gongnong No.5),并以2.0 mg·L-1的草铵膦进行筛选,抗性愈伤组织诱导率为22.4%,经草铵膦筛选的植株进行PCR检测和RT-PCR检测。结果显示,共获得11株转化植株,表明Pu P5CS基因已转入T0紫花苜蓿植株,且能够在RNA水平上正常表达。     

黄土丘陵区白羊草与达乌里胡枝子混播草地土壤呼吸日变化特征

土壤呼吸是反映土壤质量和肥力性状的重要指标,阐明禾―豆混播草地土壤呼吸作用的变化规律及其影响因素,可以为准确评估混播草地的环境效应及响应提供依据。在2011和2012年6月份,采用动态密闭气室分析法,比较了白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)与达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)不同比例间作混播草地总土壤呼吸速率的日变化特征、混播植物贡献率以及温度敏感性等。结果表明,不同混播比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率日变化为单峰型曲线,峰值出现在12:00~14:00。总土壤呼吸速率日均值高低顺序为单播白羊草白羊草和达乌里胡枝子间作单播达乌里胡枝子。不同间作比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率与白昼气温相关显著(P0.05),而与5、10和15 cm土层白昼土壤温度关系不明显;单播条件下,白羊草草丛的土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性高于达乌里胡枝子;各草地土壤呼吸Q10值的变化范围为1.48~2.61,以单播白羊草最高,单播达乌里胡枝子和两者间作混播草地间无显著差异(P0.05)。     

干热河谷冲沟侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长和土壤水分关系研究

金沙江干热河谷区冲沟侵蚀极为发育,形成大量侵蚀劣地,对该区域侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长特征和土壤水分状况进行了调查分析。结果表明,1)侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长差异较大,草被盖度和地上生物量大小均表现为:坡上部坡中部坡下部,且坡下部与坡上部和坡中部之间草被生长状况存在极显著差异(P0.01);2)同等降雨状况下,不同坡位土壤水分含量随时间延长均呈现指数递减趋势,但其衰减速率不同,导致土壤水分含量存在差异,衰减速率表现为:坡上部坡中部坡下部,土壤水分含量表现为相反顺序;3)监测时段内土壤水分(土壤平均含水量和末次土壤含水量)与草被覆盖度和生物量之间均呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01),说明侵蚀劣地不同坡位下土壤水分差异是决定草被生长差异的关键因素。     

高原鼠兔干扰对达乌里秦艽繁殖特征的影响

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)通过掘土和采食等行为对高寒草甸产生广泛的影响,从而影响高寒草甸植物的繁殖特征。本研究以高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸达乌里秦艽(Gentiana dahurica)为对象,采用野外调查法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对其繁殖特征的影响。结果表明,随着高原鼠兔干扰水平的增大,达乌里秦艽的地上生物量、株高、茎叶比、生殖枝数、营养枝数、花序数、花序生物量和单株种子产量均呈增加态势。干扰水平为Ⅰ(112±32)个·hm-2和Ⅱ(192±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽所同化的物质主要分配于同化器官叶中,以保证种群的生存;当干扰水平增大到Ⅲ(352±64)个·hm-2和Ⅳ(608±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽将其所同化的物质更多地分配于生殖生长,形成更多的生殖枝数、花序数和单株种子产量,从而提高了达乌里秦艽的繁殖能力,一定程度上解析了高原鼠兔过度干扰劣化高山嵩草草甸放牧品质的途径。     

安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌抑菌机理的研究

为探讨安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理,本试验通过测定安吉白茶提取液与细菌作用前后培养液电导率和紫外吸收物的变化,以及菌体磷代谢和可溶糖的变化,初步阐明了安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理。研究结果显示,经安吉白茶提取液处理后,细菌培养液的电导率和可溶糖浓度均增大,菌悬液中的紫外吸收物也随作用时间的延长而增加,表明安吉白茶提取液可破坏细胞膜的结构、导致细胞通透性增加,进而使细胞内容物外泄。此外,经安吉白茶处理后的柱状黄杆菌对磷的消耗量降低,以致严重影响了核酸、磷脂等细胞重要成分的合成及能量代谢,导致细菌正常生理功能的丧失。结果表明,安吉白茶可通过破坏菌体细胞膜及干扰磷代谢等途径抑制柱状黄杆菌的生长。     

扭角羚肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定

本试验旨在报告四川省野生扭角羚自然生存过程中致病性细菌的检测及生物学特征。试验对发病死亡扭角羚病变组织进行细菌学检查及分离,对分别从肝脏、脾脏和肺脏分离得到的4株优势菌进行形态特征、生化特性和16SrDNA分子鉴定,判定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。这4株菌对供试小白鼠均有致病性。测其LD50,分别为2.9×107、2.9×107、4.5×107和1.1×108 CFU/只。4株分离菌对供试的先锋霉素等敏感,对阿米卡星等中度敏感,对红霉素等耐药。推测这4株肺炎克雷伯氏菌是导致扭角羚死亡的主要病原菌。     

扶正解毒散及其超微粉体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒药效比较

采用鸡胚法和细胞法2种体外抗病毒试验比较扶正解毒超微粉(FZSM)和扶正解毒散(FZ)的抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)效果。鸡胚法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定2种煎煮液对IBDV ELD50的影响。细胞法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,加入到长成单层的CEF中继续培养,观察并统计各孔的细胞病变(CPE)。结果显示,FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液均可以降低IBDV的病毒滴度和CPE抑制率,高浓度效果优于低浓度;同浓度FZSM效果优于FZ;预防作用效果优于治疗作用效果。结果表明FZSM和FZ均具有体外抗IBDV的作用,且FZSM效果优于FZ。     

Expression of Proton-dependent Oligopeptide Transporters (POTs) in Calves' Tissues

This test was designed to study the expression of POTs (PepT1, PepT2, PHT1 and PHT2) mRNA in calves'tissues.Tissue-specific expression of the mRNA corresponding to peptide transporter protein in four 3-month-old Chinese Holstein calves was examined by relative quantitative RT-PCR analysis.The results showed that the expression of PepT1 mRNA in the rumen was extremely significantly higher than that in the heart and muscle (P<0.01);The expression of PepT2 mRNA in the liver and kidney was extremely significantly higher than that in the heart, spleen, thymus, muscle, rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum (P<0.01);The expression of PHT1 mRNA in the lung and spleen was extremely significantly higher than that in the heart and muscle (P<0.01);The expression of PHT2 mRNA in the lung and thymus was significantly higher than that in the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle, rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum (P<0.05).The results indicated that PepT1, PepT2, PHT1 and PHT2 mRNA were respectively abundantly expressed in rumen, kidney and liver, spleen and lung, lung and thymus.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.